Sewage and Wastewater Treatment
BIOREM
Purification of Wastwater
1.0. Introduction
1.1. This proposal has been prepared by Akvastroiservis (Ukraine) and outlines the following:
- technological process for the deep biological purification of waste water
- list of process equipment and their general description
- economic indicators
- expected quality of purified water.
This proposal should enable the client to consider entering a contractual relationship with Akvastroiservis (U kraine ) as with the licensor and technical consultant for plant of the deep biological purification of waste water with the capacity of up to 100 cubic meters a day.
1.2. Reagent-free, pressure-free technology of deep biological waste water purification is based on such physical and biological processes as: anaerobic treatment, aeration, aerobic treatment, hydroautomatic division of active and superfluous silt, fine purification on a bio-oxidizer with floating filtering media and disinfection.
1.3. Application of the above mentioned processes makes it possible to achieve the following:
-
 Effective removal of a wide range of contaminants
- Full biological purification of water
- Absence of chemical reagents
- Compact size of the plant
- Low capital and operating costs
- Low maintenance
- Self-backwash of hydroautomatic bioreactors
- There are no unpleasant smells
- Significant mineralization of superfluous active silt
- Mineralized superfluous silt leaves in filtering bags
- G ravity flow of water , here no technological valves BIOREM, 100 m3/day
- The small expense of the electric power.
- There is no necessity to apply electroautomatics, here more reliable work of hydrorobots.
- Application of materials of local manufacture
- Service of the non-standard equipment does not demand spare parts.
- The operator with low qualification..
Additionally, the design and configuration of the plant provide the following advantages:
· The plant can be manufactured locally or on the site from readily available and local materials.
The note:
Hydro-automatic floating filters (bioreactors) can be fabricated in non-specialised conditions of an ordinary workshop. Only a few types of materials are required: carbon steel sheet (or plastic sheet), pipes, metal or plastic mesh - all of which are inexpensive and widely available. The process of fabrication is very simple and straightforward, and does not require highly skilled or specially trained labour. The small size and absence of electric components also contribute into the appreciably low fabrication costs.
· The plant operation does not require qualified personnel. The operator is responsible for supervision of the pump , compressor operation , cleaning of the sand-catcher, and removal of sludge/residue from filtering bag .
· The sludge is accumulated in the plant for a relatively long period of time and is significantly mineralised thus minimising the smell.
· The sludge/residue is removed from the filtering bags approximately once a month and is mixed with soil for composting.
The note:
The polymer filtering media is chemically and physically stable, works in a wide range of temperatures and pH, and is very easy to handle and store.
2.0. Initial data
2.1. Required flow rate:
- Number of inhabitants: from 500 to 1000 persons
- Flow rate: up to 100 m 3 /day
- Mode of plant operation: continuous
2.2. Anticipated quality of feed water and expected purification efficiency are listed in the table in file: BioRem_e.jpg .
3.0. Technological process
3.1. Process schematic is depicted in the attached files.
3.2. Through pipe - waste water arrives to the sand-catcher, and further to the equalizer ( 7 ). Pump ( from pos.7 ) supplies waste water to the anaerobic bioreactor ( 1 ) with floating polymer bead media. The floating polymer bead media provides growth for anaerobic biomass, which feeds on dissolved and insoluble organic contaminants, nitrates and phosphorus present in waste water.
From the anaerobic bioreactor ( 1 ), waste water arrives to the aerotank ( 2 ) of volume type.
Aerotank ( 2 ) receives a constant supply of air, which mixes water and active sludge. Active sludge comprises numerous aerobic bacteria that feed on dissolved organic contaminants of both mineral and natural origin, and also ammonia, nitrites and phosphorus.
Further, waste water flows to the separator of active silt ( 3 ), where There is a hydroautomatic division of active silt with back wash in a the equalizer ( 7 ) and of airlift to aerotank ( 2 ) .
Further, waste water flows to the bio-oxidizer ( 4 ) for deep biological purification of water , which is loaded with floating polymer bead filtration media. This media provides formation of aerobic, anaerobic and fine purification zones within the bio-oxidizer ( 4 ).
From the bio-oxidizer ( 4 ), water arrives to the contact well ( 5 ). Dosing device (for example, ultraviolet lamps) or supplies sodium hypochlorite solution into the contact well ( 5 ) for treated water disinfection before its final discharge.
The note:
The backwash process in units with polymer filtering media self-adjusts to changing contaminants loads in feed water without any operator's intervention. Therefore, the process produces stable and repetitive results.
Quality backwash of polymer filtering media is achieved without use of air  and in a much shorter period comparing to sand media. During the backwash, the filter bed is expanded by 30-70%, and the combination of a downward gravity flow of water and upward movement of floating media produce a vigorous agitation/scrubbing effect resulting in the fast (up to 3 minutes) regeneration of the filtering media.
The "automation" of the polymer media filtration process is based entirely on gravity force and difference of water levels with no electronic or moving parts involved. Therefore, the process is extremely reliable, durable and virtually maintenance-free.
4.0. Process equipment
Aerator
5.0. Process characteristics
5.1. Capacity: e.g. up to 100 m3/day
5.2. Total energy consumption: up to 2.2 KWh
5.3. The plant is positioned on zero level, while centrifugal sand-catcher and equalizer ( 7 ) positioned below ground in order to provide gravity flow of waste water.
5.4. Removal of digested residue occurs approximately once a month.
5.5 Facility does not require sheltering
5.6 Facility can be fabricated from local materials in non-specialised conditions
5.7 Facility fabrication and operation does not require highly trained personnel
6.0. Fabrication and commissioning
6.1. The proposed plant can be fabricated within ~40 day. Required labour: two welders and two worker.
6. 2 . Start-up of the plant can be completed within 7 days (w ithout active silt).
6. 3 . Commissioning (biomass growth) can be achieved within 20 - 30 days.
The note:
There are other technical decisions for manufacturing BIOREM at a factory ( workshop) or at once at the customer.
7. Some examples of executed projects:
1.Health farm "Prolisok", Volyn region, Ukraine, 1995
Biological treatment of waste waters, 200 m 3/day
In-take: BOD 300 ppm, suspended solids 300 ppm
Out-take: BOD 3 ppm, suspended solids 3 ppm
2."Torchin-Product" company, Torchin town, Volyn region, Ukraine, 2000
Biological treatment of waste waters, 75 m 3\day
In-take: BOD plus FGO 2000 ppm, suspended solids 500 ppm
Out-take: BOD plus FGO 3 ppm, suspended solids 3 ppm
3.Zaboltye village, Volyn region, Ukraine, 1999
Biological treatment of waste waters, 100 m 3/day
In-take: BOD 300 ppm
Out-take: BOD 3 ppm.
4.Village Yagodin, Ukrainian-Polish boarder, 1998
Biological treatment of waste waters, 800 m 3/day
5.Ukrainian-Russian boarder crossing "Pletenivka", 1999
Biological treatment of waste waters, 10 m 3/day
In-take: BOD 200 ppm
Out-take: BOD 3 ppm
6. Ukrainian-Russian boarder crossing "Chugunivka", 1999
Biological treatment of waste waters, 10 m 3/day
In-take: BOD 200 ppm, suspended solids 200 ppm.
Out-take: BOD 3 ppm, suspended solids 3 ppm.
7. Etc.
8. Economic indicators:
Cost price of water from “BIOREM” (without amortization “BIOREM” ) :
U* = N . C 1 + [(C 2 + C 3 + C 4 + C 5)/Q], USD/m 3
where,
N - consumption of electrical power for purification of water, e.g. 0.50 KW/m 3
C 1 - cost of electrical power, e.g. 0.05 USD/KW
C 2 - cost of reactants, e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 3 - salary to the attendants, e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 4 - maintenance service costs of “BIOREM” , e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 5 - other costs (sediment, transport, payment for the water drain, fines, etc.), e.g. 0.00 USD/year
Q - output, m 3/year
The costs of the customer on purification of water (minimum):
E = U* . Q = 0.025 . Q , USD/year
Our contractual cost for“BIOREM”:
C = M + t . D ; USD
where,
M - material costs for manufacturing “BIOREM” ( ours or the customer) ; USD
t - our spent time for fulfillment of the agreement, days
D - our cost of time for fulfillment of the agreement, it is (taxes+ salary+ profit) or cash, USD/day
Cost price of water for our customer (with amortization of “BIOREM” , e.g. L = 5 years):
U = U* + C/(Q . L) = 0.025 + C/(Q . 5) , USD/m 3
where,
L - amortization of “BIOREM”, years.
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