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AKV - BIORIVER Plant

PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF WATER FROM ANTHROPOGENIC CONTAMINANTS

Intensive methods of agriculture, fast generation and accumulation of industrial and domestic waste, result in the increasing presence of anthropogenic contaminants in natural waters. Even today, it has become a normal practice to purify natural waters to be used for drinking or technical purposes.

In the 21 st century, the problem of supplying clean water to people will become more acute.

Worldwide, researchers have been working on the development of cost-effective processes for the purification of natural waters from anthropogenic contaminants.

In our opinion, biological treatment of natural water is the most acceptable process due to the following reasons:

• High quality of purification satisfying drinking water standards;
• Relatively low equipment cost (for example, for the construction of our proposed facility only a few materials are required: metal or plastic sheets/or concrete, pipes, mesh grid, polymer filtering media, compressor and pump);
• No chemical reagents are used;
• Relatively low operational cost. Expected operational cost is 4 cents per 1,000 gallons of purified water;
• Small plants (up to 200,000 gallons/day) will require only a part-time operator;
• Resulting residue can be used as a fertiliser in the agriculture or domestic gardening.

However, there are some disadvantages of the biological treatment:

• Compulsory continuous operation of the facility due to the surviving factor of the bacteria. But it must be noted, that in case of prolonged stoppages of feed water supply, our technology envisages recycling of water inside the facility with dosing NH 4NO 3 as food;
• Psychological factor related to use of bacteria for purification of water. It must be noted, that purified water undergoes disinfection by applying for example ClO 2.

The principle basis of our technological process:

1. De-nitrification on the floating polymer bead media.

Anaerobic bacteria attach themselves to polymer media beads and feed on nitrates, phosphorus, organics and aerobic bacteria, developing an optimum biomass with an adequate mass exchange surface which provides fast and effective purification of water in a compact biofilter-denitrifier: NO 3 – NO 2 – N 2O – N 2. Nitrogen gas is removed by means of aeration before the process of nitrification. Phosphorus and organics are used by bacteria in cell development. Turbidity is also arrested in the filtering media.

2. Nitrification on the floating polymer bead media.

Water is aerated before entering the nitrification stage. Aerobic bacteria attach themselves to polymer media beads and feed on nitrites, ammonia, phosphorus, organics, iron and manganese. Nitrogen compounds are transformed into nitrates of organic nature, i.e. become part of bacteria composition. Phosphorus, iron, manganese and organics are used by bacteria in cell development, and thus are removed from the purified water. In time, an optimum biomass with an adequate mass exchange surface is developed and provides fast and effective purification of water in a compact biofilter-nitrifier. Part of excessive biomass is supplied into the de-nitrifier and becomes food for anaerobic bacteria.

Alternatively, nitrification reactor can operate without filtering media, whereas the aerobic bacteria sludge is kept suspended by means of aeration. In this case, water, exiting from the reactor, passes through a thin-layer settler, which prevents sludge escaping from the reactor with the flow of water.

3. Fine purification.

Fine purification is performed on the floating polymer bead media in the de-nitrification mode (without access of air). Dead bacteria (white flakes) are removed.

4. Disinfection.

Disinfection is provided by e.g. ClO 2 application (1-3 ppm)

Expected performance

Feasibility

The feasibility of biological removal of nitrates from drinking water is supported by the application of the de-nitrification/nitrification process in biological waste water treatment technologies.

A general process:

The feed water is supplied at a tangential angle (to create a whirl of water) through pipe 1 into main body 2 where it comes in contact with a rotating mass of activated coal 3. Anaerobic bacteria become attached to the coal surface and feed on nitrates, organics, aerobic bacteria and phosphorus. Further, water rises to the top and is calmed down on the mesh and then passes through the polymer filtering media 4. The polymer filtering media is held down by grid 5. Anaerobic bacteria accumulate in the filtering media and through their activity transform present contaminants into nitrogen gas, nitrites and ammonia. Additionally, the filtering media arrests turbidity.

After exiting the denitrification unit, the water flows through pipe 6 into nitrification reactor 7 of “volume” type (i.e. without polymer filtering media). Fine-bubble aerators 8 are positioned at the bottom of the nitrification reactor. Gradually, a biomass of aerobic bacteria is formed in the volume of the reactor and is kept in a constantly agitated state. Here, aerobic bacteria feed on nitrites, ammonia, phosphorus, inorganic carbon, iron and manganese, generating carbon dioxide and a small amount of nitrates. Live aerobic bacteria are easily precipitated, and for the purpose of preventing escape of biomass from the reactor, the exiting water passes through the thin-layer settler 9.

Largely purified water further flows through pipe 14 into filter of fine purification 10, where anaerobic process is continued in the upper part of the floating media filtering bed 11, and anaerobic process of fine purification takes place in the lower part of the floating media filtering bed 11. Simultaneously, remaining insoluble substances and dead bacteria are arrested in the filtering media.

After fine purification, water flows through drainage pipe 12 into contact tank (not shown) for disinfection, and further is supplied to the consumer.

Some examples of executed projects:

1.Health farm "Prolisok", Volyn region, Ukraine, 1995
Biological treatment of waste waters, 200 m 3/day
In-take: BOD 300 ppm, suspended solids 300 ppm
Out-take: BOD 3 ppm, suspended solids 3 ppm

2."Torchin-Product" company, Torchin town, Volyn region, Ukraine, 2000
Biological treatment of waste waters, 75 m 3\day
In-take: BOD plus FGO 2000 ppm, suspended solids 500 ppm
Out-take: BOD plus FGO 3 ppm, suspended solids 3 ppm

3.Zaboltye village, Volyn region, Ukraine, 1999
Biological treatment of waste waters, 100 m 3/day
In-take: BOD 300 ppm
Out-take: BOD 3 ppm.

4.Village Yagodin, Ukrainian-Polish boarder, 1998
Biological treatment of waste waters, 800 m 3/day

5.Ukrainian-Russian boarder crossing "Pletenivka", 1999
Biological treatment of waste waters, 10 m 3/day
In-take: BOD 200 ppm
Out-take: BOD 3 ppm

6. Ukrainian-Russian boarder crossing "Chugunivka", 1999
Biological treatment of waste waters, 10 m 3/day
In-take: BOD 200 ppm, suspended solids 200 ppm.
Out-take: BOD 3 ppm, suspended solids 3 ppm.

7. Etc.

Economic indicators:

Cost price of water from “BIORIVER” (without amortization “BIORIVER” ) :
U* = N . C 1 + [(C 2 + C 3 + C 4 + C 5)/Q], USD/m 3
where,
N - consumption of electrical power for purification of water, e.g. 0.10 KW/m 3
C 1 - cost of electrical power, e.g. 0.05 USD/KW
C 2 - cost of reactants, e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 3 - salary to the attendants, e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 4 - maintenance service costs of “BIORIVER” , e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 5 - other costs (sediment, transport, payment for the water drain, fines, etc.), e.g. 0.00 USD/year  
Q - output, m 3/year

The costs of the customer on purification of water (minimum):
E = U* . Q = 0.0050 . Q , USD/year

Our contractual cost for“BIORIVER”:
C = M + t . D ; USD
where,
M - material costs for manufacturing “BIORIVER” ( ours or the customer) ; USD
t - our spent time for fulfillment of the agreement, days
D - our cost of time for fulfillment of the agreement, it is (taxes+ salary+ profit) or cash, USD/day

Cost price of water for our customer (with amortization of Deferum, e.g. L = 5 years):
U = U* + C/(Q . L) = 0.005 + C/(Q . 5) , USD/m 3
where,
L - amortization of “BIORIVER”, years.

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