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AKV - DEFERUM for Non-Reagent Removal of High Iron

SELF-BACKWASHING SYSTEM
FOR THE PURIFICATION AND STABILIZATION
OF GROUND WATER

The hydro-automatic system “DEFERUM” is designed for the non-reagent removal of high levels of dissolved iron (up to 75 mg/l), dissolved gases (hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, methane, radon, etc), suspended and colloidal particles to drinking water standards. The “DEFERUM” is equally suitable for the removal of very high , moderate and low concentrations of contaminants.

The “DEFERUM” system also provides some partial removal of manganese. However, the targeted manganese removal can be provided by the “DEMAGNUM” system – a modification of “DEFERUM”.

The “DEFERUM” system can also be used as a pre-treatment stage before other conventional applications such as Reverse Osmosis, Ion-Exchange, micro-filtration, etc.

The “DEFERUM” is the most economical, effective and environment-friendly ground water treatment system on a market place. It is currently produced under licence in the USA, Australia, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

Cost for polymer floating media: approx $250.00 USD/m 3.

The “DEFERUM” system has the following advantages:

• No chemical reagents are used in the process
• The system is very inexpensive and easy to fabricate from only a few types of materials
• The system does not require an operator
• Very low failure factor due to absence of mechanical or electrical devices
• Very low maintenance
• Combined continuous removal of iron, dissolved gasses, suspended solids and turbidity
• The system operation self-adapts to changing contaminant loadings
• A very small amount of water is required for backwash
• No electricity consumed in the process
• No moving or rotating parts are used in the process
• No electronic devices are used in the process
• No valves are used in the process
• No parts or elements to be replaced on a regular basis
• No sheltering required in all weather conditions
• Filtering media has a life-span of over 25 years
• The plant is extremely resilient to physical mishandling
• Backwash function is based entirely on gravity force and difference of water levels
• The filter backwash is self-regulating
• No specialised equipment is required for the construction of the plant
• Quick construction and commissioning
• Affordability

The “DEFERUM” system can be designed for flow rates ranging from 7.2 m 3/day to over 100,000 m 3/day. The principle technological design is the same for all flow rate ranges.

The “DEFERUM” system is comprised of an advanced AKV aerator/degasifier , a hydro-automatic floating filter and a hydro-robot.

The system configuration may slightly vary depending on the flow rate: for example, a 500 m 3/day system comprises two aerators/degasifiers, two hydro-automatic floating filters, two hydro-automatic backwash units (hydro-robots), a filtrate collector and a backwash water collector.

Technological process:

Feed water is pumped from the borehole and supplied at 65 PSI (0.45 MPa) to the aerator-degasifier (1) where dissolved gasses are removed from water and atmospheric air oxidizes bivalent iron and partially ions of manganese.

Further, feed water flows down the hydro-robot (2) and through the distribution system (3) arrives into the hydro-automatic filter with floating filtering media (4) where impurity particles are arrested throughout the depth of the filtering bed.

After filtration, treated water gravity-flows into a filtrate collector via the discharge pipe (6), and delivery pump forwards purified water to consumption.

As fouling of the filter increases, the water level in the hydro-robot rises, causing the filter to switch into backwash mode. Purified water from the above-filter section (5) drops down and expands the filtering bed, washing out the accumulated impurities. When the water level in the above-filter section drops down to a pre-set point (pre-set during commissioning), the hydro-robot stops the backwash and switches the filter into a new filtration cycle.

Backwash water is gravity discharged from the system and disposed of or additionally treated according to customer’s requirements.

Technical specifications of the “ Deferum ”system

Ground water characteristics

Quality of filtrate

Technological solutions and their specifics

The system design is common for all flow-rates. However, individual systems may vary in configuration or add-ons depending on the quality of initial water and/or customer’s requirements.

The customers are requested to complete our questionnaire and the provided answers enable us to design a system that would provide a tailored solution to customer’s needs.

Photo gallery:

500 m 3/day “DEFERUM” system installed at “Coca-Cola” Beverages in Belarus.

The system is comprised of five standard 100 m 3/day systems arranged in a modular parallel set-up to suit customer’s space considerations.

Backwash

100 m 3/day combined “DEFERUM” and “DEMAGNUM” systems for the removal of 75 mg/l of iron and 4.2 mg/l of manganese from groundwater and non-reagent pH correction at one of the largest barramundi fish farms in NSW, Australia.

* Optional additional aeration/degassing of treated water

Batch production : f rom 100 to 4 00 m 3/day “DEFERUM” system (ID1.50 m. HT=2.50 m.) for the removal of iron from groundwater in Australia.

Economic indicators:

Cost price of water from Deferum (without amortization Deferum) :
U* = N . C 1 + [(C 2 + C 3 + C 4 + C 5)/Q], USD/m 3
where,
N - consumption of electrical power for purification of water, e.g. 0.19 KW/m 3
C 1 - cost of electrical power, e.g. 0.05 USD/KW
C 2 - cost of reactants, e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 3 - salary to the attendants, e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 4 - maintenance service costs of Deferum, e.g. 0.00 USD/year
C 5 - other costs (sediment, transport, payment for the water drain, fines, etc.), e.g. 0.00 USD/year  
Q - output, m 3/year

The costs of the customer on purification of water (minimum):
E = Q . U* = 0.010 Q , USD/year

Our contractual cost for Deferum:
C = M + t . D ; USD
where,
M - material costs for manufacturing DEFERUM ( ours or the customer) ; USD
t - our spent time for fulfillment of the agreement, days
D - our cost of time for fulfillment of the agreement, it is (taxes+ salary+ profit) or cash, USD/day

Cost price of water for our customer (with amortization of Deferum, e.g. L = 5 years):
U = U* + [C/(Q . L)] = 0.010 + [C/(Q . 5)] , USD/m 3
where,
L - amortization of Deferum, years.

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