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AKV - HYDRO AUTO-MATIC Gravity Filters

HYDROAUTOMATIC GRAVITY FILTERS

Applications:

The ( HGF ) Gravity Filter is suitable for practically all filtration tasks, and its uses include, for example, partial flow cooling water filtration, river, industrial and potable water treatment, iron removal from well water, waste water purification to reduce suspended solids, COD - BOD 5 and phosphate content (4th purification stage), et c

The hydro-automatic gravity filter based on the polymer floating media is a superior alternative to heavy media filters in water treatment applications.

The two most important advantages of the hydro-automatic gravity filter are the floating capacity of the filtering media and the hydro-automatic backwash function, which bring along both an improvement of the overall working characteristics of the system and a significant reduction in capital, operational and maintenance costs.

Specific physical properties of the polymer floating filtering media ( PFFM) made it possible to prolong the filtration cycle and to considerably reduce duration of the backwash process, thus bringing losses of treated water to the minimum.

The backwash process in units with polymer filtering media self-adjusts to changing contaminants loads in feed water without any operator’s intervention. Therefore, the process produces stable and repetitive results.

Quality backwash of polymer filtering media is achieved without use of air and in a much shorter period comparing to sand media. During the backwash, the filter bed is expanded by 30-70%, and the combination of a downward gravity flow of water and upward movement of floating media produce a vigorous agitation/scrubbing effect resulting in the fast (up to 3 minutes) regeneration of the filtering media.

The polymer filtering media is chemically and physically stable, works in a wide range of temperatures and pH, and is very easy to handle and store.

The “automation” of the polymer media filtration process is based entirely on gravity force and difference of water levels with no electronic or moving parts involved. Therefore, the process is extremely reliable, durable and virtually maintenance-free.

Absence of additional equipment (pumps, compressors, flow meters, controllers or display equipment for filtration and back washing, or final-rinse functions, etc.) in the polymer media filtration process leads to a small size of the filtration unit. Furthermore, the filtration unit itself does not consume any electricity. Electricity is supplied only to the feed pump (well pump in case of ground water).

Hydro-automatic floating filters can be fabricated in non-specialised conditions of an ordinary metal workshop. Only a few types of materials are required: carbon steel sheet (or plastic sheet), carbon steel pipes, metal or plastic net, reinforced round bar and carbon steel angle – all of which are inexpensive and widely available. The process of fabrication is very simple and straightforward, and does not require highly skilled or specially trained labour. The small size and absence of electric components also contribute into the appreciably low fabrication costs.

The hydro-automatic gravity filter s have been used in USA, Australia, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine in the following applications:

· Removal of very high (up to 75 mg/l), moderate and low concentrations of iron, manganese, color, turbiditys;
· Biological treatment systems;
· Purification of water from heavy metals, oil and etc;
· Water softening;
· Water preparation and purification for river water, of underground and industrial water;
· In sewerage systems;

Technical specifications of the “ HGF ”systems:

• Rate of water filtration: from 1.0 m/hour to 10 m/hour
• Height: from 2.5 m. (standard) to 3.5 m. ( individual)
• Top height of piping: 2.6 m. (standard) to 4.2 – 5.8 m. ( individual)
• Consumption of water for backwash: 0.8 %(standard) to 3.5 % of the daily flow capacity
• Duration of backwash: 75 – 240 seconds.
• Mode of operation: Continuous or periodic.
• Automatic operation controls and filtrate quality controls: Hydroautomatic.

The hydroautomatic gravity filters (HGF) has the following advantages:

1.The filter is very inexpensive and easy to fabricate from only a few types of local materials
2. The filter works fully hydro automatically and requires no external intervention.
3.Very low failure factor due to absence of mechanical or electrical devices
4.Very low maintenance
5.Combined continuous removal of iron, dissolved gasses, suspended solids and turbidity
6.The system operation self-adapts to changing contaminant loadings
7.A very small amount of water is required for backwash
8.No electricity consumed in the process
9.No moving or rotating parts are used in the process
10.No electronic devices are used in the process
11.No valves are used in the process
12.No compressed air, pressurised water or electrical power. All processes are controlled and driven by the filter itself.
13.No parts or elements to be replaced on a regular basis
14.No sheltering required in all weather conditions
15.Filtering media has a life-span of over 25 years
16.The plant is extremely resilient to physical mishandling
17. No pump.The volume of water required for back washing is held in the storage area inside the filter, which means there is no need for a back washing pump.
18.Backwash function is based entirely on gravity force and difference of water levels
19.The filter backwash is self-regulating
20.No specialised equipment is required for the construction of the plant
21.Quick construction and commissioning
22.Affordability

Comparative technical characteristics of heavy and floating filtering media and associated equipment.

Methods of technical modelling by D.Mintz.

Example:
Co = 170 mg/l (initial concentration of contaminants)
Reagent dose: 16 mg/l
C/Co = 0.01 (C - concentration of contaminants in filtrate, mg/l)

The Polymer Floating Filtering Media (PFFM) is an effective alternative to traditional heavy filtering materials such as sand, clay, anthracite, etc.

The PFFM is applied in the removal of iron, manganese, hardness, heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia, oil products, suspended solids and many other substances.

The PFFM is a light material. For example, at a filtration velocity of 5 m/h, a 1 meter deep PFFM clean bed creates resistance of only 0.1 meter.

The PFFM is a chemically stable material withstanding acid, alkali and oil products and impervious to the bacteriological activity.

The PFFM is suitable for operating in liquids with a temperature of up to +45 C. The PFFM withstands pressure of up to 0.45 MPa (65 PSI).

The PFFM has an unlimited life span (practical experience - 25 years of service). The PFFM does not require replacement and its operational properties remain unchanged.

The PFFM is extremely easy to handle and does nor represent any health hazard to personnel. It is clean and dust-free. Loading of the PFFM is a fast process and in many cases can be done by hand. Unloading is also a fast and convenient process - as you raise the level of water, the PFFM is efficiently collected from the water surface.

The PFFM can be easily manufactured and in many cases the manufacturers will have PFFM material already certified for contact with drinking water.

The floating capacity of PFFM make it possible to develop water treatment facilities with far more superior technical, economic and operational characteristics in comparison with traditional heavy filtering media installations.

Application of PFFM brings remarkable benefits to the overall configuration of water treatment facilities. For example, the backwash of the PFFM is conducted by the reverse gravity flow of water and is 100% hydro-automatic. No electronics, no pumps, no compressors or any other additional equipment are involved in the backwash process. The backwash process is based entirely on gravity force and difference of water levels.

During the backwash, the PFFM bed is expanded by 30-70%, and the combination of a downward reverse flow of water and upward movement of floating media produce a vigorous agitation/scrubbing effect resulting in the fast (up to 3 minutes) regeneration of the PFFM.

The loss of water for backwash purposes normally does not exceed 0.8 - 1.6% of the daily flow of water. Obvious advantages are: simplicity and reliability, reduced foot print (by 2-3 times), reduced capital, operational and maintenance costs.

Akvastroiservis has recently developed a new process for zero backwash discharge filtration (the patent for filter “REMPLANT”) to meet demanding water saving requirements and to reduce technological chain in waste water treatment.

During the commissioning, the PFFM facility is tuned to the optimum operating parameters, which are independently (without control devices or operator's intervention) supported by the facility throughout all the years of operation.

Water treatment facilities, based on the PFFM, operate with a prolonged filtration cycle. The combination of different grades of PFFM in the filtering bed provides an increased contaminant-arresting capacity of the filter, such that the initial concentration of suspended solids before the PFFM filter can be up to 500 mg/l.

PFFM is an ideal filtering material for the so-called "contact" filtration when reagents are introduced in the feed liquid immediately in front of the filter.

Water treatment facilities based on PFFM are very easy to fabricate even in the basic conditions of an ordinary metal workshop. Required fabrication materials comprise readily available items such as steel/plastic sheets, pipes of various diameters, plastic mesh and PFFM.

Facilities based on PFFM can operate both in pressure and pressure-free mode. Quite often, the developers adopt the pressure-free mode. In such a case, the electricity is required only for the feed pump (for example, well pump) and the filtrate forwarding pump. The facility itself does not contain any pumps.

Continuously operating PFFM facilities do not require sheltering and can work at ambient air temperature of - 30 C (minus thirty). In such cases, ice serves as a heat insulator.

The water treatment facilities based on PFFM can be positioned underground, on the ground or at the top of water towers.

The water treatment facilities based on PFFM are distinguished for their compactness; modular design; high reliability due to the absence of operator meddling, electrical, moving or rotating parts; ease of fabrication and maintenance and very low operational costs.

The water treatment facilities based on PFFM can be designed for a wide range of flow rates: from 4.5 m 3/day to 100,000 m 3/day.

Economic indicators:

Cost price of water from “HGF” (without amortization “HGF” ) :

U* = N . C 1 + [(C 2 + C 3 + C 4 + C 5)/Q] = 0.010 USD/ m 3 (for non-chemical technologies: from 0.01 to 0.040 USD/m 3)
where,
N - consumption of electrical power for purification of water, ( depends on preliminary technology of processing of water); KW/m 3
C 1 - cost of electrical power, e.g. USD/KW
C 2 - cost of reactants, e.g. USD/year
C 3 - salary to the attendants, e.g. USD/year
C 4 - maintenance service costs of “HGF”, e.g. USD/year
C 5 - other costs (sediment, transport, payment for the water drain, fines, etc.), e.g. USD/year  
Q - output, m 3/year

The costs of the customer on purification of water (minimum):
E =U* . Q = 0.010 . Q ; USD/year

Our contractual cost for “HGF” :

C = M + t . D ; USD
where,
M - material costs for manufacturing “HGF” ( ours or the customer) ; e.g. USD
t - our spent time for fulfillment of the agreement, days
D - our cost of time for fulfillment of the agreement, it is (taxes+ salary+ profit) or cash, e.g. USD/day

Cost price of water for our customer (with amortization of “HGF”, e.g. L = 5 years):
U = U* + C/(Q . L) = 0.010 + C/(Q . 5) , USD/m 3
where,
L - amortization of “HGF” , years.

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